The Human Genetic History of the Americas: The Final Frontier
Dennis H. O'Rourkecorrespondenceemail
,
Jennifer A. Raff
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S. 1400 E., Rm. 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.051
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The Americas, the last continents to be entered by modern humans, were colonized during the late Pleistocene via a land bridge across what is now the Bering strait. However, the timing and nature of the initial colonization events remain contentious. The Asian origin of the earliest Americans has been amply established by numerous classical marker studies of the mid-twentieth century. More recently, mtDNA sequences, Y-chromosome and autosomal marker studies have provided a higher level of resolution in confirming the Asian origin of indigenous Americans and provided more precise time estimates for the emergence of Native Americans. But these data raise many additional questions regarding source populations, number and size of colonizing groups and the points of entry to the Americas. Rapidly accumulating molecular data from populations throughout the Americas, increased use of demographic models to test alternative colonization scenarios, and evaluation of the concordance of archaeological, paleoenvironmental and genetic data provide optimism for a fuller understanding of the initial colonization of the Americas.
Este estudio y los de Andres Bello quien desde muy temprano se había percatado de que nuestra democracia debía ser distinta de la norteamericana y así lo enseñó a Simón Bolivar y a José Martí, a Alberdi, a Montalvo, a Varona, a Vasconcelos, a Rodó, a Sarmiento...etc; contradice y desenmascara la INVASION DE CUBA A VENEZUELA - hace 15 anos, ya, apoyada por UNASUR y los países BRICS.
#venezuela #unasur #brics #miami
Dennis H. O'Rourkecorrespondenceemail
,
Jennifer A. Raff
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S. 1400 E., Rm. 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Open Archive
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.051
showArticle Info
Article has an altmetric score of 13
Share on facebookShare on twitterShare on google_plusone_shareShare on mendeleyShare on sinaweiboMore Sharing Services0
Summary
Full Text
Images
References
Comments
The Americas, the last continents to be entered by modern humans, were colonized during the late Pleistocene via a land bridge across what is now the Bering strait. However, the timing and nature of the initial colonization events remain contentious. The Asian origin of the earliest Americans has been amply established by numerous classical marker studies of the mid-twentieth century. More recently, mtDNA sequences, Y-chromosome and autosomal marker studies have provided a higher level of resolution in confirming the Asian origin of indigenous Americans and provided more precise time estimates for the emergence of Native Americans. But these data raise many additional questions regarding source populations, number and size of colonizing groups and the points of entry to the Americas. Rapidly accumulating molecular data from populations throughout the Americas, increased use of demographic models to test alternative colonization scenarios, and evaluation of the concordance of archaeological, paleoenvironmental and genetic data provide optimism for a fuller understanding of the initial colonization of the Americas.
Este estudio y los de Andres Bello quien desde muy temprano se había percatado de que nuestra democracia debía ser distinta de la norteamericana y así lo enseñó a Simón Bolivar y a José Martí, a Alberdi, a Montalvo, a Varona, a Vasconcelos, a Rodó, a Sarmiento...etc; contradice y desenmascara la INVASION DE CUBA A VENEZUELA - hace 15 anos, ya, apoyada por UNASUR y los países BRICS.
#venezuela #unasur #brics #miami
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